Clonal anergy: the universally anergic B lymphocyte.

Evidence for the clonal abortion theory of B-lymphocyte tolerance

This paper deals with the behavior of adult mouse bone marrow cells placed in tissue culture with or without antigen, and subsequently assessed for immune competence after adoptive transfer into lethally X-irradiated, syngeneic hosts. Attention was focussed on B lymphocytes through using hapten human gamma globulin (HGG) preparations as putative tolerogens in tissue culture, the T-cell-independ...

Characterization of anergic anti-DNA B cells: B cell anergy is a T cell-independent and potentially reversible process.

Anti-single stranded DNA (ssDNA) and anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) B cells are regulated in non-autoimmune mice. In this report we show that while both anti-ssDNA and anti-dsDNA B cells are blocked in their ability to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells, other phenotypic and functional characteristics distinguish them from one another. Splenic anti-ssDNA B cells are found distributed...

Regulation of B-lymphocyte Clonal Proliferation by Stimulatory and Inhibitory

The macrophage has been implicated in the elaboration of a spectrum of molecules which alter or modulate the functions of hemopoietic and lymphoid cells. These include colony-stimulating factor (CSF),' required for the renewal and clonal proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage stem cells in semisolid culture (1), lymphocyte-activating factor which potentiates the mitogenic response of T lymphoc...

Anergy and not clonal ignorance determines the fate of B cells that recognize a physiological autoantigen.

Autoantibodies to insulin arise spontaneously in the insulin autoimmune syndrome and in type I diabetes. In addition, administration of insulin to individuals without autoimmune disease routinely results in Abs that bind autologous hormone. These observations and findings in transgenic models of tolerance led to an inference that physiological levels of hormones and growth factors, such as insu...

Clonal Anergy Induction during the Recovery from Lymphopenia